Examples of options for climate change adaptation and mitigation in natural resource management include:

Supporting the protection of core habitat areas of native habitat in good condition

- Enhance the condition of remnant vegetation, to conserve biodiversity and maintain ecological integrity.

- Identify and protect refugia.

- Develop buffers around rainforest remnants.

- Enhance riparian vegetation and support stream-bank protection.

Building resilient landscapes and seascapes

- Build connectivity, especially between representative habitats, providing avenues for species migration.

- Promote a multi purpose landscape mosaic to improve the functionality of natural and production focused ecosystems.

- Limit impediments to make space for the migration of coasts, rivers and coastal wetlands; and consider land swaps or offsets.

- Introduce genetics from drier, hotter areas.

- Remove or minimise existing stressors.

- Manage invasive plants and animals, and diseases; including surveillance and prompt responses to incursions.

- Monitor the impacts of existing water allocations and factor climate change into water resource and salinity planning.

- Develop alternative water sources to reduce the pressure on stressed water assets.

Promoting best management practices on farms and in forests

- Manage soils to reduce erosion and nutrient loss risks on farms and in forests (e.g. revegetate gully heads, maintain optimal soil cover, and manage run-off).

- Manage grazing to protect vulnerable areas (e.g. remnant vegetation and riparian areas).

- Promote water use efficiency.

- Adopt engineering solutions to protect key natural assets.

- Manipulate hydrology of wetlands to maintain ecological processes.

- Manage the delivery of environmental flow allocations in response to changing conditions and understandings.

- Consider levees to protect key natural assets, if long-term protection is possible and has net benefits.

Adaptive management and effective monitoring

- Monitor the implications of new policies and emerging land and other resource uses, including changes in agriculture.

- Practice active adaptive management in the implementation and evaluation of natural resource management actions.

- Understand how, and why, landscapes are changing.

Promoting integrated catchment management and inter-agency collaboration

- Integrate adaptation to climate change into natural resource management planning across all sectors of government.

- Prepare for more frequent bushfires and explore strategies that minimise risks to vulnerable assets.

- Conduct targeted education and awareness programs that promote understanding of climate change impacts, options and trends.